Causes of asthma: Your guide to asthma risk factors and triggers

Asthma is a condition that causes your airways to swell and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe, according to Jason Casselman, DO, with Reid Allergy. Symptoms of asthma include coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness. Asthma can affect anyone -- children and adults -- so it's important to understand the causes of asthma and its symptoms.

Who's at risk of developing asthma?

Although it can develop at any age, most people with asthma begin to experience symptoms as children. Girls are less likely to have asthma, but as adults, women are more likely than men. Adult-onset asthma is when people develop asthma symptoms when older.

Doctors and researchers are still working to understand and identify the causes of asthma in adults and children. The American Lung Association listed the following risk factors for developing asthma:

• Family history: Having a parent with asthma increases the likelihood you'll have it.
• Obesity: Overweight children and adults are at greater risk and have a more challenging time managing symptoms.
• Respiratory infections: Childhood viral airway infections increase risks.
• Environmental causes: Dust, chemical fumes, air pollution, and mold can all cause asthma.
• Allergies: Eczema or hay fever play a role.
• Smoking: Both firsthand and secondhand smoke make it more likely.

What are the causes of asthma?

There are many asthma causes, commonly called "triggers." It can be challenging to identify those things that make your asthma worse. That's because the same triggers that affect one person with asthma might not affect another, the Mayo Clinic cautioned. Some asthma triggers seem obvious such as smoke or pollen while others such as experiencing strong emotions or cold air can be hard to pin down.

If you're experiencing symptoms of asthma, your doctor can identify what's causing them. You might find it helpful to note details about when you experience asthma symptoms such as the weather conditions, time of day, and any environmental factors in an asthma journal. If you're concerned your child has asthma, tracking the symptoms helps you and your pediatrician develop a management plan.

When should I see a doctor about my asthma symptoms?

Asthma can be severe -- even fatal -- if left untreated, warned MedlinePlus. Fortunately, most people with asthma manage it effectively and lead full lives. If you're experiencing asthma symptoms, tell a physician. An allergy and immunology specialist is a qualified doctor who helps you manage asthma. Likewise, if you think your child might have asthma, speak with your pediatrician.

If you or your child are struggling to breathe, call 911.

Although asthma is a long-term disease, an asthma management plan can help you overcome your symptoms and live a healthy life. Take an active role in your or your child's asthma by working with your doctor to create an asthma care plan today.

If you have questions or concerns about asthma, Dr. Casselman and Reid Allergy can help. For information or to make an appointment, click here.

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